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  2. Free-energy perturbation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-energy_perturbation

    An alternative to free-energy perturbation for computing potentials of mean force in chemical space is thermodynamic integration. Another alternative, which is probably more efficient, is the Bennett acceptance ratio method. Adaptations to FEP exist which attempt to apportion free-energy changes to subsections of the chemical structure. [5]

  3. Bennett acceptance ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett_acceptance_ratio

    This method, also called Free energy perturbation (or FEP), involves sampling from state A only. It requires that all the high probability configurations of super state B are contained in high probability configurations of super state A, which is a much more stringent requirement than the overlap condition stated above.

  4. Free energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_energy

    Free energy perturbation, a method based on statistical mechanics used in computational chemistry; Free energy principle, a variational formulation of self-organisation in biological systems, applied in particular to neuroscience; Free-energy relationship, a relationship in physical organic chemistry

  5. Q (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(software)

    Unlike other MD codes, it has specialized since its conception (Marelius et al. 1998) on three specific types of free energy calculations. These calculations are based on the methods: empirical valence bond (EVB), free energy perturbation (FEP), and linear interaction energy (LIE), as well as, more recently, also path integral calculations ...

  6. Partition function (statistical mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_function...

    The energy is replaced by the characteristic potential of that ensemble, the Gibbs Free Energy. The letter Z stands for the German word Zustandssumme , "sum over states". The usefulness of the partition function stems from the fact that the macroscopic thermodynamic quantities of a system can be related to its microscopic details through the ...

  7. Thermodynamic integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_integration

    Thermodynamic integration is a method used to compare the difference in free energy between two given states (e.g., A and B) whose potential energies and have different dependences on the spatial coordinates.

  8. Why hardboiled eggs and 4 other foods should not be reheated ...

    www.aol.com/why-hardboiled-eggs-4-other...

    From a culinary perspective, Jim Nuetzi, corporate executive chef for Valor Hospitality in Atlanta, Georgia, agreed that nuking seafood won't reel in the best results.

  9. Empirical valence bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_valence_bond

    To obtain free-energies from the created ground state energy potential one needs to perform sampling. This can be done using sampling methods like molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations at different states along the reaction coordinates. Typically this is done using a free energy perturbation / umbrella sampling approach. [2]