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Closed castration incision on a male dog, taken 12 hours after surgery. In male animals, castration involves the removal of the testes (testicles), and is commonly practiced on both household pets (for birth control and behaviour modification) and on livestock (for birth control, as well as to improve commercial value).
Spaying (females) and neutering (males) refers to the sterilization of animals—usually by castration (removal of the male's testicles) or ovariohysterectomy (removal of the female's ovaries and uterus)—to eliminate the ability to procreate, and reduce sex drive. Castration has also been known to reduce aggression in male dogs (in some cases ...
Testicular cancer is rare in dogs, and also prostate problems are somewhat common in castrated male dogs when they get older. [140] Neutered individuals have a much higher risk of developing prostate problems in comparison to intact males. Castrated male cats are more likely to develop an obstruction in their urethra, preventing them from ...
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As of 2013, an estimated 75% of 700 million dogs worldwide were free to roam and reproduce, resulting in overpopulation, high mortality rates and poor health. [1] The main management approach is surgical sterilization, i.e. the removal of testes or ovaries, often performed through trap-neuter-return strategies. [2]
Favorable prognostic factors for replantation of amputated penises include short ischemic time and a clean incision (as opposed to a crush injury or ragged incision). [16] Replantation of an amputated penis can be done up to 24 hours after the injury, though fewer than 16 hours of cold ischemia or 6 hours of warm ischemia leads to the best ...
Male cats sterilized at a younger age experienced a lower rate of urinary tract blockage than male cats sterilized at an older age. [3] The one significant cause for concern in the studies was an increased incidence of urinary incontinence in female dogs, leading to recommendations to delay spaying female dogs until 3 months of age when there ...
Neutering is the sterilization of animals via gonadectomy, which is an orchidectomy (castration) in dogs and ovariohysterectomy (spay) in bitches. Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. [88] Spayed females are less likely to develop cancers affecting the mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive ...