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In 1656, tensions between Protestants and Catholics re-emerged and led to the outbreak of the First War of Villmergen. The Catholics were victorious and able to maintain their political dominance. The Toggenburg War in 1712 was a conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons. According to the Peace of Aarau of 11 August 1712 and the Peace of ...
The 17th century saw Protestant-Catholic tensions rise particularly in Germany leading to the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648. This war saw the destruction of much of Central Europe and divided much of the continent along Catholic-Protestant lines. Swedes, Danes, and French were all involved.
Peace was initially maintained between Catholics and Protestants in Valognes. A bi-confessional assembly of notables agreed to resist calls to arm and expel populations and instead abide by the king's edicts together in peace. A bi-confessional militia was able to keep the peace when there was an incident around Pentecost.
An unsuccessful effort by the Protestant cantons, especially Zürich, to change the terms of confessional coexistence in 1656, the First War of Villmergen, led to a reaffirmation of the status quo in the Dritter Landfrieden (Third Territorial Peace). A second religious civil war in 1712, the Second War of Vilmergen, ended in a decisive ...
Its object was to effect a reconciliation between the Roman Catholics and Protestants of France. [1] The conference was opened on 9 September in the refectory of the convent of Poissy , [1] King Charles IX (aged 11) himself being present. It broke up inconclusively a month later, on 9 October, by which point the divide between the doctrines ...
Under her supervision, the two men met on the nearby Île aux Bœufs to discuss peace terms, [10] and on 19 March, the Edict of Amboise was approved by the Conseil du Roi. [11] Unlike subsequent edicts, which were marked with green wax to indicate they were intended to be permanent, the Edict of Amboise was sealed with yellow wax, denoting it ...
OpEd: American Catholics and the Quest for Equality in the Civil War Era is an attempt to show how the Catholic majority came to identify with the South and embrace the Lost Cause.
The text, published on the beginning of the First French War of Religion, opposes religious intolerance and proposes a common path to peace for Protestants and Catholics based on religious tolerance. Although the work, like the Treatise on Heretics , did not succeed in preventing the French Wars of Religion , it remains one of the earliest ...