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Anthropocentrism is the privileging of humans as "subjects" over and against nonhuman beings as "objects". Philosophical anthropocentrism tends to limit certain attributes (e.g., mind, autonomy, moral agency, reason) to humans, while contrasting all other beings as variations of "object" (that is, things that obey deterministic laws, impulses, stimuli, instincts, and so on).
Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. [1] It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. [ 2 ] Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to abstract concepts such as nations, emotions, and natural forces, such as seasons and weather.
Anthropocentrism is believed by some to be the central problematic concept in environmental philosophy, [3] where it is used to draw attention to claims of a systematic bias in traditional Western attitudes to the non-human world [8] that shapes humans' sense of self and identities. [9]
Anthropopathism (from Greek ἄνθρωπος anthropos, "human" and πάθος pathos, "suffering") is the attribution of human emotions, or the ascription of human feelings or passions to a non-human being, generally to a deity.
For some, this stance means a return to the Offence principle, and, therefore, not helpful in the struggle against anthropocentrism or anthropomorphism. Others, however, maintain that recognition of the intrinsic value of animals goes beyond animal welfare , since it respects the animal as "centre of its own being".
Morgan's Canon, also known as Lloyd Morgan's Canon, Morgan's Canon of Interpretation or the principle or law of parsimony, is a fundamental precept of comparative (animal) psychology, coined by 19th-century British psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan. [1]
Val Plumwood (11 August 1939 – 29 February 2008) was an Australian philosopher and ecofeminist known for her work on anthropocentrism.From the 1970s, she played a central role in the development of radical ecosophy.
Philosophical anthropology, sometimes called anthropological philosophy, [1] [2] is a discipline within philosophy that inquires into the essence of human nature. [3] It deals with questions of metaphysics and phenomenology of the human person.