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A sperm donor is usually advised not to ejaculate for two to three days before providing the sample, to increase sperm count. A sperm donor produces and collects sperm at a sperm bank or clinic by masturbation or during sexual intercourse with the use of a collection condom. [13]
Y chromosomal infertility is a direct cause of male infertility due to its effects on sperm production, occurring in approximately one in 2000 males. [20] Usually, affected men show no symptoms, although they may have smaller testes.
The majority of sperm donors who donate their sperm through a sperm bank receive some kind of payment, although this is rarely a significant amount. A review including 29 studies from nine countries came to the result that the amount of money actual donors received for their donation varied from $10 to €70 per donation or sample. [18]
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The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection. There may be testicular malformations, hormone imbalance, or blockage of the man's duct system.
One of the earliest studies, published in 1974, noted a reduction in sperm quality (lower sperm concentration and semen volume) and a higher percentage of abnormal sperm. [17] These early studies' methodology has been criticized for sampling bias and the inclusion of men with testicular and fertility issues. [ 11 ]
The three-part docuseries explores the actions of Jonathan Meijer, a Dutch man in his early 40s who has fathered, in his estimation, about 550 children via sperm donation since he was in his 20s.
Nonbinding medical guidelines in the Netherlands impose a cap of 25 children per sperm donor, and Dutch law prohibits people from donating at more than one clinic in the country.