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The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been used to perform systematic studies of Mars [91] and has taken the highest resolution images of Mars ever captured from Earth. [92] This telescope can produce useful images of the planet when it is at an angular distance of at least 50° from the Sun.
Mars Exploration Program (MEP) is a long-term effort to explore the planet Mars, funded and led by NASA. Formed in 1993, MEP has made use of orbital spacecraft , landers , and Mars rovers to explore the possibilities of life on Mars , as well as the planet's climate and natural resources . [ 1 ]
The Mars 1M programs (sometimes dubbed Marsnik in Western media) was the first Soviet uncrewed spacecraft interplanetary exploration program, which consisted of two flyby probes launched towards Mars in October 1960, Mars 1960A and Mars 1960B (also known as Korabl 4 and Korabl 5 respectively). After launch, the third stage pumps on both ...
NASA delivers the most visible elements of the U.S. space program. From crewed space exploration and the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon, to the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, Voyager, the Mars rovers, numerous space telescopes, and the Artemis program, NASA delivers on the civil space exploration mandate.
First telescope designed to be repaired in space. USA (NASA) ESA Hubble Space Telescope [41] 2 July 1990: First time a spacecraft coming from deep space uses the Earth for a gravity-assist manoeuvre. ESA Giotto [42] 21 October 1991: First asteroid flyby (951 Gaspra closest approach 1,600 km). USA (NASA) Galileo: 1992 First confirmed observation ...
First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. [7] PrOP-M: Rover Failure Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful
The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 was the first space telescope launched 1968, [10] but the launching of Hubble Space Telescope in 1990 [11] set a milestone. As of 1 December 2022, there were 5,284 confirmed exoplanets discovered. The Milky Way is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars [12] and more than 100 billion planets. [13]
The Constellation program (abbreviated CxP) was a crewed spaceflight program developed by NASA, the space agency of the United States, from 2005 to 2009.The major goals of the program were "completion of the International Space Station" and a "return to the Moon no later than 2020" with a crewed flight to the planet Mars as the ultimate goal.