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Flag of the Lombard League. Coat of arms of the Lombard League Member cities of the first and second Lombard League.. The Lombard League (Latin: Societas Lombardiae; Italian: Lega Lombarda) was an alliance of cities formed in 1167, [1] and supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to establish direct royal administrative control over the cities of ...
Swabian League of Cities; 1381. A Second Rhenish League and a first Swabian League were formed in 1381, merging into the South German League (Süddeutscher Städtebund) still in the same year. The League was a military defense pact against the nobility. Peace was made in the Treaty of Heidelberg on 26 July 1384. 1397.
The Lombard League, on the other hand, decided to engage in battle with the imperial army as soon as possible to prevent the reunification of the Teutonic armies; [86] [81] this despite being still in reduced ranks (15,000 men [87]), given that he could not count on all the military forces specified in the various cities forming part of the ...
In the late 1970s Umberto Bossi, a former activist of the Italian Communist Party, [8] [9] emerged as the leading figure of Lombard nationalism. Through contacts with regional nationalist movements and parties, like the Valdostan Union (party leader Bruno Salvadori, who died in a car accident in 1980, was a close friend), the Ossolan Union for Autonomy, the List for Trieste and finally Liga ...
Frederick II triumphed over the Lombard League on November 27, 1237, at Cortenuova. Confident of his strength, he then offended the Pope, claiming part of the Lombard cities and writing to the Romans to remind them of their former greatness under the Roman Empire. In 1239, he wanted to place his bastard son, Enzio, at the head of Sardinia.
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In a group tournament, unlike a knockout tournament, there is no scheduled decisive final match. Instead, all the competitors are ranked by examining the results of all the matches played in the tournament. Typically, points are awarded for each match, [n 1] with competitors ranked based either on total number of points or average points per match.
In 1167, the Veronese cities joined the Lombard League; this constituted the de facto end of the march, confirmed by the Lombard victory at the 1176 Battle of Legnano. The Emperors continued to name vicars, though by then the office was purely nominal, as from the 13th century onwards the actual lords of Verona were the podestàs from the ...