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The difference between the mean and apparent solar time is the equation of time, which can also be seen in Earth's analemma. Because of the variation in the length of the synodic day, the days with the longest and shortest period of daylight do not coincide with the solstices near the equator. As viewed from Earth during the year, the Sun ...
The synodic period is the amount of time that it takes for an object to reappear at the same point in relation to two or more other objects. In common usage, these two objects are typically Earth and the Sun. The time between two successive oppositions or two successive conjunctions is also equal to the synodic period. For celestial bodies in ...
A full lunar day observed from the Earth, where orbital libration causes the apparent wobble. A lunar day is the time it takes for Earth's Moon to complete on its axis one synodic rotation, meaning with respect to the Sun. Informally, a lunar day and a lunar night is each approx. 14 Earth days.
The period depends on the relative angular velocity of Earth and the planet, as seen from the Sun. The time it takes to complete this period is the synodic period of the planet. Let T be the period (for example the time between two greatest eastern elongations), ω be the relative angular velocity, ω e Earth's angular velocity and ω p the ...
The minimum separation between the two bodies overall is 17 AU, while the minimum separation between Pluto and Uranus is just 11 AU [31] (see Pluto's orbit for detailed explanation and graphs). The next largest body in a similar 2:3 resonance with Neptune, called a plutino , is the probable dwarf planet Orcus .
Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun (solar noon to solar noon) is its true solar day or apparent solar day. [26] It depends on Earth's orbital motion and is thus affected by changes in the eccentricity and inclination of Earth's orbit. Both vary over thousands of years, so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies.
It was the use of equants to decouple uniform motion from the center of the circular deferents that distinguished the Ptolemaic system. For the outer planets, the angle between the center of the epicycle and the planet was the same as the angle between the Earth and the Sun.
Cycler trajectories between Earth and Mars occur in whole-number multiples of the synodic period between the two planets, which is about 2.135 Earth years. [3] In 1985, Buzz Aldrin presented an extension of his earlier Lunar cycler work which identified a Mars cycler corresponding to a single synodic period. [ 4 ]