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In the United States, the expression "civil courts" is used as a shorthand for "trial courts in civil cases". [13] [14] In England and other common-law countries, the burden of proof in civil proceedings is, in general—with a number of exceptions such as committal proceedings for civil contempt—proof on a balance of probabilities. [15]
Civil law is sometimes referred to as neo-Roman law, Romano-Germanic law or Continental law. The expression "civil law" is a translation of Latin jus civile, or "citizens' law", which was the late imperial term for its legal system, as opposed to the laws governing conquered peoples (jus gentium); hence, the Justinian Code's title Corpus Juris Civilis.
Both sides (regardless of relative monetary resources) often have a strong incentive to settle to avoid the costs (such as legal fees, finding expert witnesses, etc.), the time and the stress associated with a trial, particularly where a trial by jury is available. Generally, one side or the other will make a settlement offer early in litigation.
Former Orange County Complex Litigation Program judge Gail A. Andler [55] is a past president of the American College of Business Court Judges (ACBCJ), [56] and a number of California's complex litigation judges (including judge Elihu Berle [57]), and Minnesota complex litigation judge Jerome B. Abrams, [58] have served as Business Court ...
Defendants, civil rights organizations, public interest organizations, and government public officials can all set up an account to pay for litigation costs and legal expenses. These legal defense funds can have large membership counts where the members contribute to the fund. Unlike legal financing from legal financing companies, legal defense ...
Civil law may refer to: Civil law (common law), the part of law that concerns private citizens and legal persons; Civil law (legal system), or continental law, a legal system originating in continental Europe and based on Roman law Private law, the branch of law in a civil law legal system that concerns relations among private individuals
S. Scots civil procedure; Security for costs; Service ex juris; Service of process; Settlement (litigation) Settlement conference; Settlement offer; Sewer service