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A deferred expense (also known as a prepaid expense or prepayment) is an asset representing costs that have been paid but not yet recognized as expenses according to the matching principle. For example, when accounting periods are monthly, an 11/12 portion of an annually paid insurance cost is recorded as prepaid expenses .
Amortization is the acquisition cost minus the residual value of an asset, calculated in a systematic manner over an asset's useful economic life. Depreciation is a corresponding concept for tangible assets. Methodologies for allocating amortization to each accounting period are generally the same as those for depreciation.
Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgrade a company's fixed assets, such as expenditures towards property, plant, or equipment (PP&E). [3] In the case when a capital expenditure constitutes a major financial decision for a company, the expenditure must be formalized at an annual shareholders meeting or a special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Search and information costs are costs such as in determining that the required good is available on the market, which has the lowest price, etc. Bargaining and decision costs are the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction, drawing up an appropriate contract and so on.
These expenses are recorded when incurred, even if the payment will happen later. For instance, a company may receive services in one period but pay for them in the next. The uncertainty surrounding the timing or exact amount of accrued expenses is usually minor compared to provisions, which account for larger uncertainties.
A joint cost is a cost incurred in the production or delivery of multiple products or product lines. For instance, in civil aviation , substantial costs of a flight (pilots, fuel, wear and tear on the plane, landing and takeoff fees) are a joint cost between carrying passengers and carrying freight, and underlie economies of scope across ...
Final expense life insurance, sometimes referred to as guaranteed issue, guaranteed acceptance, funeral or burial insurance, is a type of whole life insurance designed to cover end-of-life ...
An asset depreciation at 15% per year over 20 years. In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept: first, an actual reduction in the fair value of an asset, such as the decrease in value of factory equipment each year as it is used and wears, and second, the allocation in accounting statements of the original cost of the assets to periods in which the assets are used ...