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In outer sphere redox reactions no bonds are formed or broken; only an electron transfer (ET) takes place. A quite simple example is the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redox reaction, the self exchange reaction which is known to be always occurring in an aqueous solution containing the aquo complexes [Fe(H 2 O) 6] 2+ and [Fe(H 2 O)6] 3+.
In heterogeneous electron transfer, an electron moves between a chemical species present in solution and the surface of a solid such as a semi-conducting material or an electrode. Theories addressing heterogeneous electron transfer have applications in electrochemistry and the design of solar cells .
A Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and protons from one atom to another. The term was originally coined for single proton, single electron processes that are concerted, [ 1 ] but the definition has relaxed to include many related processes.
[40] [41] These reactions use Umemoto's reagent, a sulfonium salt that serves as an electrophilic source of the trifluoromethyl group and that is precedented to react via a single-electron transfer pathway. Thus, single-electron reduction of Umemoto's reagent releases trifluoromethyl radical, which adds to the reactive olefin. Subsequently ...
The Creutz–Taube ion. The Creutz–Taube ion is the metal complex with the formula {[Ru(NH 3) 5] 2 (C 4 H 4 N 2)} 5+.This cationic species has been heavily studied in an effort to understand the intimate details of inner sphere electron transfer, that is, how electrons move from one metal complex to another.
Outer sphere electron transfer can occur between chemical species that are identical except for their oxidation state. [4] This process is termed self-exchange. An example is the degenerate reaction between the tetrahedral ions permanganate and manganate :
In most cases electron transfer can be assumed to be much faster than the chemical reactions. Unlike stoichiometric reactions where the steps between the starting materials and the rate limiting step dominate, in catalysis the observed reaction order is usually dominated by the steps between the catalytic resting state and the rate limiting step.
Inner sphere electron transfer (IS ET) or bonded electron transfer [1] is a redox chemical reaction that proceeds via a covalent linkage—a strong electronic interaction—between the oxidant and the reductant reactants. In inner sphere electron transfer, a ligand bridges the two metal redox centers during the electron transfer event. Inner ...