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A non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign bone tumor of the osteoclastic, giant cell-rich tumor type. [1] It generally occurs in the metaphysis of long bones in children and adolescents. [ 2 ] Typically, there are no symptoms unless there is a fracture . [ 2 ]
The most common bone tumor is a non-ossifying fibroma. [4] Average five-year survival in the United States after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer is 67%. [5] The earliest known bone tumor was an osteosarcoma in a foot bone discovered in South Africa, between 1.6 and 1.8 million years ago. [6]
Metaphyseal tumors or lesions include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, fibrous dysplasia, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, non-ossifying fibroma, and osteoid osteoma. [5] One of the clinical signs of rickets that doctors look for is cupping and fraying at the metaphyses when seen on X-ray.
The cystic fibroma (fibroma cysticum) has central softening or dilated lymphatic vessels. The myxofibroma (fibroma myxomatodes) is produced by liquefaction of the underlying soft tissue. The cemento-ossifying fibroma is hard and fibrous, most frequently seen in the jaw or mouth, sometimes in connection with a fracture or another type of injury.
Fibrous dysplasia of the right zygomatic bone (left). Corresponding T2-weighted MRI (left) and CT (right) of the same patient. Fibrous dysplasia is a mosaic disease that can involve any part or combination of the craniofacial, axillary, and/or appendicular skeleton. [7]
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, [4] is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. [1] [2] [5] It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet, [6] where it presents with a rapidly enlarging painless lump in a finger or toe.
The exact etiology of it is not known. An enchondroma most often affects the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones. The bones most often involved with this benign tumor are the miniature long bones of the hands and feet. It may, however, also involve other bones such as the femur, humerus, or tibia.
Jaffe–Campanacci syndrome is one of the disorders associated with café au lait macules (CALMs). Presentations may include intellectual disability, disseminated non-ossifying fibromas of the long bones and jaw, hypogonadism or cryptorchidism, or giant cell granulomas of the jaw.