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According to VMD, the photon is a superposition of the pure electromagnetic photon, which interacts only with electric charges, and vector mesons, which mediate the residual nuclear force. [108] However, if experimentally probed at very short distances, the intrinsic structure of the photon appears to have as components a charge-neutral flux of ...
The photon having non-zero linear momentum, one could imagine that it has a non-vanishing rest mass m 0, which is its mass at zero speed. However, we will now show that this is not the case: m 0 = 0. Since the photon propagates with the speed of light, special relativity is called for. The relativistic expressions for energy and momentum ...
In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.
Spontaneous emission is the process in which a quantum mechanical system (such as a molecule, an atom or a subatomic particle) transits from an excited energy state to a lower energy state (e.g., its ground state) and emits a quantized amount of energy in the form of a photon.
The definition of "particle" in relativistic field theory is not self-evident, because if you try to determine the position so that the uncertainty is less than the compton wavelength, the uncertainty in energy is large enough to produce more particles and antiparticles of the same type from the vacuum. This means that the notion of a single ...
An overview of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.This example shows the general principle using visible light as a specific example. A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines).
Photons with high photon energy can transform in quantum mechanics to lepton and quark pairs, the latter fragmented subsequently to jets of hadrons, i.e. protons, pions, etc.At high energies E the lifetime t of such quantum fluctuations of mass M becomes nearly macroscopic: t ≈ E/M 2; this amounts to flight lengths as large as one micrometer for electron pairs in a 100 GeV photon beam, while ...
The general expression for the spin angular momentum is [1] =, where is the speed of light in free space and is the conjugate canonical momentum of the vector potential.The general expression for the orbital angular momentum of light is =, where = {,,,} denotes four indices of the spacetime and Einstein's summation convention has been applied.
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