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[5] [6] Often when people refer to bronchiolitis, they are referring to acute bronchiolitis in children. [5] Acute bronchiolitis is usually the result of viral infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (59.2% of cases) or human rhinovirus (19.3% of cases). [7] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms. [1]
[13] [15] Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. [15] The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [16] Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia has a mortality rate of around 20%. [14]
[1] [9] Typical symptoms range from those of a common cold, such as nasal congestion, rhinitis, and cough, to difficulty breathing as in pneumonia. [9] Other general symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, abdominal pain and swollen neck glands. [6] Onset is usually two to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. [10]
It is unclear if rapid viral testing in the emergency department for children with acute febrile respiratory infections reduces the rates of antibiotic use, blood testing, or urine testing. [11] The relative risk reduction of chest x-ray utilization in children screened with rapid viral testing is 77% compared with controls. [ 11 ]
Bronchiolitis obliterans results in worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and a dry cough.The symptoms can start gradually, or severe symptoms can occur suddenly. [9] [10] These symptoms represent an obstructive pattern that is non-reversible with bronchodilator therapy, and need to be related to various lung insults. [11]
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes J20-J22 within Chapter X: Diseases of the respiratory system should be included in this category. Pages in category "Acute lower respiratory infections"
The percentage of children ages 2-4 diagnosed with a respiratory illness-bacteria grew from 1% to 7.2% between March 31 and Oct. 5, the CDC reported.
A number of DPB symptoms resemble those found with other obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Wheezing, coughing with sputum production, and shortness of breath are common symptoms in such diseases, and obstructive respiratory functional impairment is found on pulmonary function testing. [6]