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In the inner ear, stereocilia are the mechanosensing organelles of hair cells, which respond to fluid motion in numerous types of animals for various functions, including hearing and balance. They are about 10–50 micrometers in length and share some similar features of microvilli . [ 1 ]
[5] [6] The human cochlea contains on the order of 3,500 inner hair cells and 12,000 outer hair cells at birth. [7] The outer hair cells mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters the cochlea. [8] [9] The amplification may be powered by the movement of their hair bundles, or by an electrically driven motility of their cell bodies.
[30] [31] The primary cilium is now known to play an important role in the function of many human organs. [2] [10] Primary cilia on pancreatic beta cells regulate their function and energy metabolism. Cilia deletion can lead to islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. [32] Cilia are assembled during the G 1 phase and are disassembled before ...
This diagram linearly (unless otherwise mentioned) tracks the projections of all known structures that allow for balance and acceleration to their relevant endpoints in the human brain. Another diagram showing neural pathway of vestibular/balance system. Arrows show the direction of information relay.
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates , the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. [ 1 ] In mammals , it consists of the bony labyrinth , a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: [ 2 ]
A cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances typically extending some 5–10 micrometers outwards from the cell body. There are two types of cilia: motile cilia, which constantly beat directionally, and non-motile—or primary—cilia, which typically serve as sensory organelles
Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only have them for part of their life cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation. Ciliates are an important group of protists , common almost anywhere there is water—in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and soils, including anoxic ...
Structural diagram of the cochlea showing how fluid pushed in at the oval window moves, deflects the cochlear partition, and bulges back out at the round window. The cochlea ( pl. : cochleae) is a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone, in which waves propagate from the base (near the middle ear and the oval window ) to the apex (the top or ...