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For example, the processing of metals has historically defined eras such as the Bronze Age and Iron Age and is studied under the branch of materials science named physical metallurgy. Chemical and physical methods are also used to synthesize other materials such as polymers , ceramics , semiconductors , and thin films .
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
Materials science includes those parts of chemistry, mechanics, physics, geology and biology that deal with the properties of materials. It has components as an applied science ( Materials engineering ) where the properties studied are used industrially.
Materials science is the study of materials, their properties and their applications. Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.
Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction. London: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32013-7. Yao, N, ed. (2007). Focused Ion Beam Systems: Basics and Applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83199-4
Important examples of self-assembly in materials science include the formation of molecular crystals, colloids, lipid bilayers, phase-separated polymers, and self-assembled monolayers. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The folding of polypeptide chains into proteins and the folding of nucleic acids into their functional forms are examples of self-assembled ...
Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. Some common examples of microscopy techniques include: Optical ...
Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures; Journal of Materials Chemistry - A, B, and C; Journal of Materials Processing Technology; Journal of Materials Research; Journal of Materials Research and Technology; Journal of Materials Science. Journal of Materials Science Letters; Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics ...