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  2. Histamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine

    Histamine has two basic centres, namely the aliphatic amino group and whichever nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring does not already have a proton. Under physiological conditions, the aliphatic amino group (having a pK a around 9.4) will be protonated, whereas the second nitrogen of the imidazole ring (pK a ≈ 5.8) will not be protonated. [11]

  3. Histidine decarboxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidine_decarboxylase

    Histidine decarboxylase is the primary biological source of histamine. Histamine is an important biogenic amine that moderates numerous physiologic processes. There are four different histamine receptors, H 1, H 2, H 3, and H 4, [16] each of which carries a different biological significance.

  4. Mast cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell

    A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte [1]) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.

  5. Paracrine signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracrine_signaling

    In mature organisms, paracrine signaling is involved in responses to allergens, tissue repair, the formation of scar tissue, and blood clotting. [citation needed] Histamine is a paracrine that is released by immune cells in the bronchial tree. Histamine causes the smooth muscle cells of the bronchi to constrict, narrowing the airways. [50]

  6. Histamine receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_receptor

    [1] [2] Histamine is a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes. There are four main types of histamine receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4. H1 receptors are linked to allergic responses, H2 to gastric acid regulation, H3 to neurotransmitter release modulation, and H4 to immune system function. There are four known histamine ...

  7. Histamine liberators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_liberators

    Histamine is a weak base (a compound able to react with a hydrogen ion to form an acid) that can link with acid groups within the granules of the mast cells. [8] The mechanism of the displacement theory. The crux of this theory lies in the assumption that histamine liberators release histamine by displacing it from cells.

  8. Parietal cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cell

    A canaliculus is an adaptation found on gastric parietal cells. It is a deep infolding, or little channel, which serves to increase the surface area, e.g. for secretion. The parietal cell membrane is dynamic; the numbers of canaliculi rise and fall according to secretory n

  9. Humoral immunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity

    An incompatible blood transfusion causes a transfusion reaction, which is mediated by the humoral immune response. This type of reaction, called an acute hemolytic reaction, results in the rapid destruction (hemolysis) of the donor red blood cells by host antibodies. The cause is usually a clerical error, such as the wrong unit of blood being ...