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SIMD instructions are widely used to process 3D graphics, although modern graphics cards with embedded SIMD have largely taken over this task from the CPU. Some systems also include permute functions that re-pack elements inside vectors, making them particularly useful for data processing and compression.
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions.These extensions, starting from the MMX instruction set extension introduced with Pentium MMX in 1997, typically define sets of wide registers and instructions that subdivide these registers into fixed-size lanes and perform a computation for each lane in parallel.
SIMD instruction s, a single instruction performing an operation on many homogeneous values in parallel, possibly in dedicated SIMD registers; performing an atomic test-and-set instruction or other read–modify–write atomic instruction; instructions that perform ALU operations with an operand from memory rather than a register
Single instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) is an execution model used in parallel computing where single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) is combined with multithreading. It is different from SPMD in that all instructions in all "threads" are executed in lock-step.
existing instructions extended to a 64 bit operand size (remaining instructions) Most instructions with a 64 bit operand size encode this using a REX.W prefix; in the absence of the REX.W prefix, the corresponding instruction with 32 bit operand size is encoded. This mechanism also applies to most other instructions with 32 bit operand size.
Specifically, in their 1985 paper [2] (and similarly in [3] [1]) is stated: “we consider the SPMD (Single Program, Multiple Data) operating mode. This mode allows simultaneous execution of the same task (one per processor) but prevents data exchange between processors. Data exchanges are only performed under SIMD mode by means of vector ...
MMX had two main problems: it re-used existing x87 floating-point registers making the CPUs unable to work on both floating-point and SIMD data at the same time, and it only worked on integers. SSE floating-point instructions operate on a new independent register set, the XMM registers, and adds a few integer instructions that work on MMX ...
Instructions can be executed sequentially, such as by pipelining, or in parallel by multiple functional units. Flynn's 1972 paper subdivided SIMD down into three further categories: [ 2 ] Array processor – These receive the one (same) instruction but each parallel processing unit has its own separate and distinct memory and register file.