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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphoid line of blood cells characterized by the development of large numbers of immature lymphocytes. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, pale skin color, fever, easy bleeding or bruising, enlarged lymph nodes, or bone pain. [1]
When the abnormal lymphocytes are located mostly in the lymph nodes, it is referred to as SLL; when the abnormal lymphocytes are mostly in the blood and bone marrow, it is called CLL. [22] CLL is the most common leukemia in Western countries, but it is very rare in East Asia. [23] The median age at diagnosis is 72 years. [21]
It most commonly affects individuals over the age of 65, due to the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur over time. [3] [18] CLL is rarely seen in individuals less than 40 years old. [19] Men are more commonly affected than women, although the average lifetime risk for both genders are similar (around 0.5-1%) .
The tonsils and cervical lymph nodes in these cases are hyperplasic and contain mixtures of normal-appearing lymphocytes, activated lymphocytes, plasma cells, and Reed–Sternberg-like cells. [16] Many of these normal-appearing and activated B cells and a small percentage of the tissue's T and NK cells are EBV+ with the virus being mostly in ...
The signs and symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma vary depending upon its location within the body. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness. Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain, or itchiness. Some forms are slow growing, while others are fast growing. [1]
Symptoms of cancer metastasis depend on the location of the tumor. When cancer begins, it produces no symptoms. Signs and symptoms appear as the mass grows or ulcerates. The findings that result depend on cancer's type and location. Few symptoms are specific. Many frequently occur in individuals who have other conditions.
Presence of cancer cells with twisted contours (cerebriform nuclei) In the patch and plaque stages, the cancer cells are seen in the epidermis (the most superficial layer of skin). [16] This is referred to as epidermotropism. Pautrier's microabcesses, aggregates of four or more atypical lymphocytes arranged in the epidermis. Pautrier ...
Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. [1] The incidence of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is 0.28-0.30 cases per 100,000 people in Europe and the United States and the prevalence is 3 cases per 100,000 in Europe with a lower prevalence in Asia, Africa and the Middle East.