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Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. [1] It relies on predation , parasitism , herbivory , or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. [1] The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely eradicate the ...
[21] [5] In classical biological control, there are two demonstrated examples of potential use of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic insect species affecting agriculture. The oldest example is the use of Entomophthora maimaiga against the Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) in the United States during early 1900s. The spongy moth was introduced ...
[10] [11] Phytoseiid species that act as biological control agents are influenced by the availability of their prey. [12] Phytoseiids can postpone or delay egg production during periods when prey are scarce. [12] This allows them to have a longer lifespan and likely serves as an adaptation to environments where prey availability is variable. [12]
Beauveria bassiana is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and acts as a parasite on various arthropod species, causing white muscardine disease; it thus belongs to the group of entomopathogenic fungi.
He named it B. sotto, [10] using the Japanese word sottō (卒倒, 'collapse'), here referring to bacillary paralysis. [11] In 1911, German microbiologist Ernst Berliner rediscovered it when he isolated it as the cause of a disease called Schlaffsucht in flour moth caterpillars in Thuringia (hence the specific name thuringiensis , "Thuringian ...
Similarly, the repeated use of a single class of controls will create pest populations that are more resistant to that class, whereas alternating among classes helps prevent this. [ 14 ] Preventive cultural practices —Selecting varieties best for local growing conditions and maintaining healthy crops is the first line of defense.
Microfauna (from Ancient Greek mikros 'small' and from Latin fauna 'animal') are microscopic animals and organisms that exhibit animal-like qualities and have body sizes that are usually <0.1mm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Microfauna are represented in the animal kingdom (e.g. nematodes , small arthropods ) and the protist kingdom (i.e. protozoans ).