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  2. List comprehension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_comprehension

    Here, the list [0..] represents , x^2>3 represents the predicate, and 2*x represents the output expression.. List comprehensions give results in a defined order (unlike the members of sets); and list comprehensions may generate the members of a list in order, rather than produce the entirety of the list thus allowing, for example, the previous Haskell definition of the members of an infinite list.

  3. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    While it was possible to compare disparate types in Python 2 (for example, whether a string was greater-than or less-than an integer), the ordering was undefined; this was considered a historical design quirk and was ultimately removed in Python 3. Chained comparison expressions such as a < b < c have roughly the meaning that they have in ...

  4. Listwise deletion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listwise_deletion

    Listwise deletion will exclude these respondents from analysis. This may create a bias as participants who do divulge this information may have different characteristics than participants who do not. Multiple imputation is an alternate technique for dealing with missing data that attempts to eliminate this bias.

  5. Foreach loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreach_loop

    In computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement.

  6. Count-distinct problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count-distinct_problem

    Min/max sketches [2] [3] store only the minimum/maximum hashed values. Examples of known min/max sketch estimators: Chassaing et al. [4] presents max sketch which is the minimum-variance unbiased estimator for the problem. The continuous max sketches estimator [5] is the maximum likelihood estimator.

  7. Dixon's Q test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixon's_Q_test

    Chem., 1951, 23 (4), 636–638. Abstract Full text PDF Archived 2015-05-01 at the Wayback Machine; Rorabacher, D. B. (1991) "Statistical Treatment for Rejection of Deviant Values: Critical Values of Dixon Q Parameter and Related Subrange Ratios at the 95 percent Confidence Level". Anal. Chem., 63 (2), 139–146. PDF (including larger tables of ...

  8. Inclusion–exclusion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion–exclusion...

    In the given example, there are 12 = 2(3!) permutations with property P 1, 6 = 3! permutations with property P 2 and no permutations have properties P 3 or P 4 as there are no restrictions for these two elements. The number of permutations satisfying the restrictions is thus: 4! − (12 + 6 + 0 + 0) + (4) = 24 − 18 + 4 = 10.

  9. CLs method (particle physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLs_method_(particle_physics)

    The standard procedure for setting an upper limit on given an experimental outcome consists of excluding values of for which (| +), which guarantees at least coverage. Consider, for example, a case where b = 3 {\displaystyle b=3} and n ∗ = 0 {\displaystyle n^{*}=0} events are observed, then one finds that s + b ≥ 3 {\displaystyle s+b\geq 3 ...