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The economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages is the economic history of English towns and trade from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509. Although England's economy was fundamentally agricultural throughout the period, even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers.
The Contentious Alliance: Trade Unions and the Labour Party (1991). online; Musson, A E. Trade Union and Social History (1974). Pelling, Henry. A history of British trade unionism (1987). Pimlott, Ben, and Chris Cook, eds Trade Unions in British Politics: The First 250 Years (2nd ed. 1991), 16 topical essays by experts; Pollard, Sidney.
The medieval authorities did their best to respond in an organised fashion, but the economic disruption was immense. [164] Building work ceased and many mining operations paused. [165] In the short term, efforts were taken by the authorities to control wages and enforce pre-epidemic working conditions. [166]
on the trade union demand for means for securing trustworthy records of wage-contracts between employer and workman, e.g. the section requiring particulars of work and wages for piece-workers. The first additions to the Factory and Workshop Act 1878 were, however, almost purely attempts to deal more adequately than had been attempted in the ...
It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance of class conflict . In trade unions , workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation of labour laws , from their governments.
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) was officially founded. With 134 million members it is the largest trade union in the world. However many, such as the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, maintain the position that the ACFTU is not an independent trade union organization.
[2] The trade's liveliest period, 1250–1350, was 'an era when trade in wool had been the backbone and driving force in the English medieval economy'. [3] The wool trade was a major driver of enclosure (the privatisation of common land) in English agriculture, which in turn had major social consequences, as part of the British Agricultural ...
Labour was the key factor of production. [10] Successive administrations tried to stabilise the imperial economy by freezing the social structure into place: sons were to succeed their fathers in their trade, councillors were forbidden to resign, and coloni , the cultivators of land, were not to move from the land they were attached to.