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SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e.g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e.g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures).
The lower the audit risk, the higher the materiality will be set. In terms of the Conceptual Framework (see "materiality in accounting" above), materiality also has a qualitative aspect. This means that, even if a misstatement is not material in "Dollar" (or other denomination) terms, it may still be material because of its nature.
In developing that conclusion, the auditor evaluates whether audit evidence corroborates or contradicts financial statement assertions. [2] Second, auditors are required to consider the risk of material misstatement through understanding the entity and its environment, including the entity's internal control.
For example, an auditor may: physically examine inventory as evidence that inventory shown in the accounting records actually exists (existence assertion); inspect supporting documents like invoices to confirm that sales did occur (occurrence); arrange for suppliers to confirm in writing the details of the amount owing at balance date as evidence that accounts payable is a liability (rights ...
There are a couple aspects of evidence that make various audit evidence good quality. This consists of sufficiency and appropriateness. Audit evidence is sufficient when there is an acceptable amount of evidence found. This changes based on the risk of material misstatement and the quality of evidence that was found.
Although there are many types of risks associated with the audit process, each type primarily has an effect on the overall audit engagement. The effects produced by sampling risk generally can increase audit risk, the risk that an entity's financial statements will contain a material misstatement, though given an unqualified ('clean') audit report.
Audit risk (also referred to as residual risk) as per ISA 200 refers to the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion when the financial statements are materiality misstated. This risk is composed of:
Inherent risk is one of two components of the risk of material misstatement i.e. the risk that the financial statements are materiality misstated prior to audit. The other component is control risk. [1] Audit risk is a function of the risk of material misstatement and detection risk. [1]