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Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it is defined to act perpendicular to the flow and therefore can act in any direction. If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a hydrodynamic force.
[4] [5] He was a pioneer of aeronautical engineering and is sometimes referred to as "the father of aviation." [3] He identified the four forces which act on a heavier-than-air flying vehicle: weight, lift, drag and thrust. [6] Modern aeroplane design is based on those discoveries and on the importance of cambered wings, also proposed by Cayley ...
Aircraft flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft.An aeroplane (airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110 as, "a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed under given conditions of flight".
In many aerodynamics problems, the forces of interest are the fundamental forces of flight: lift, drag, thrust, and weight. Of these, lift and drag are aerodynamic forces, i.e. forces due to air flow over a solid body. Calculation of these quantities is often founded upon the assumption that the flow field behaves as a continuum.
In both cases the lift vector is the same (as seen by an observer on the ground), but in the latter the vertical axis of the aircraft points downwards, making the lift vector's sign negative. In turning flight the load factor is normally greater than +1. For example, in a turn with a 60° angle of bank the load factor is +2. Again, if the same ...
An airplane has a high L/D ratio if it produces a large amount of lift or a small amount of drag. The lift/drag ratio is determined by dividing the lift coefficient by the drag coefficient, CL/CD. [29] The lift coefficient Cl is equal to the lift L divided by the (density r times half the velocity V squared times the wing area A).
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Slats are high-lift devices typically used on aircraft intended to operate within a wide range of speeds. Trailing-edge flap systems running along the trailing edge of the wing are common on all aircraft. The position of the leading-edge slats on an airliner (Airbus A310-300). In this picture, the slats are drooped.