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  2. Dynamic range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range

    The same approach has been used in chemical photography to capture an extremely wide dynamic range: A three-layer film with each underlying layer at one hundredth (102) the sensitivity of the next higher one has, for example, been used to record nuclear-weapons tests. [56] Consumer-grade image file formats sometimes restrict dynamic range. [57]

  3. Sensitivity (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_(electronics)

    In signal processing, sensitivity also relates to bandwidth and noise floor as is explained in more detail below. In the field of electronics different definitions are used for sensitivity. The IEEE dictionary [2] [3] states: "Definitions of sensitivity fall into two contrasting categories." It also provides multiple definitions relevant to ...

  4. Minimum detectable signal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_detectable_signal

    Here, k ≈ 1.38 × 10 −23 J/K is the Boltzmann constant and kT 0 is the available noise power density (the noise is thermal noise, Johnson noise). As a numerical example: A receiver has a bandwidth of 100 MHz , a noise figure of 1.5 dB and the physical temperature of the system is 290 K .

  5. Audio bit depth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_bit_depth

    24-bit and 32-bit audio does not require dithering, as the noise level of the digital converter is always louder than the required level of any dither that might be applied. 24-bit audio could theoretically encode 144 dB of dynamic range, and 32-bit audio can achieve 192 dB, but this is almost impossible to achieve in the real world, as even ...

  6. Audio Stream Input/Output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Stream_Input/Output

    Microsoft announced to incorporate ASIO into their USB Audio Class 2 driver for their Arm64 architecture. [5] While originally supporting MacOS, the introduction of Core Audio with macOS X made ASIO support for this OS unnecessary. There is also an experimental ASIO driver for Wine, WineASIO, [6] for a Windows compatibility layer for Linux. [7]

  7. SINAD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SINAD

    Receiver sensitivity: 0.25 μV at 12 dB SINAD. This is stating that the receiver will produce intelligible speech with a signal at its input as low as 0.25 μV. Radio receiver designers will test the product in a laboratory using a procedure, which is typically as follows:

  8. Audio power amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_power_amplifier

    Audio stereo power amplifier made by McIntosh The internal view of a Mission Cyrus One hi-fi integrated audio amplifier (1984) [1]. An audio power amplifier (or power amp) amplifies low-power electronic audio signals, such as the signal from a radio receiver or an electric guitar pickup, to a level that is high enough for driving loudspeakers or headphones.

  9. dBFS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBFS

    The level of 0 dBFS is assigned to the maximum possible digital level. [2] For example, a signal that reaches 50% of the maximum level has a level of −6 dBFS, which is 6 dB below full scale. Conventions differ for root mean square (RMS) measurements, but all peak measurements smaller than the maximum are negative levels.