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  2. German orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography

    While the Council for German Orthography considers ä, ö, ü, ß distinct letters, [4] disagreement on how to categorize and count them has led to a dispute over the exact number of letters the German alphabet has, the number ranging between 26 (considering special letters as variants of a, o, u, s ) and 30 (counting all special letters ...

  3. German orthography reform of 1996 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography_reform...

    The German orthography reform of 1996 (Reform der deutschen Rechtschreibung von 1996) was a change to German spelling and punctuation that was intended to simplify German orthography and thus to make it easier to learn, [1] without substantially changing the rules familiar to users of the language.

  4. German alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_alphabet

    The German spelling reform of 1996 somewhat reduced usage of this letter in Germany and Austria. It is not used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. As the ß derives from a ligature of lower-case letters, it is itself exclusively lower-case. The proper transcription when it cannot be used, or when writing a word in all capital letters, is ss or SS.

  5. Council for German Orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_German_Orthography

    German (or a variety of German) is spoken by a sizeable minority, but has no legal recognition. The Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung ( German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːt fyːɐ̯ ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁɛçtˌʃʁaɪbʊŋ] , " Council for German Orthography " or " Council for German Spelling " [ 1 ] ), or RdR , is the main international body regulating ...

  6. Standard German - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_German

    Standard High German (SHG), [3] less precisely Standard German or High German [a] (German: Standardhochdeutsch, Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch or, in Switzerland, Schriftdeutsch), is the umbrella term for the standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for communication between different dialect areas.

  7. Standard German phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_German_phonology

    While the spelling of German is officially standardised by an international organisation (the Council for German Orthography) the pronunciation has no official standard and relies on a de facto standard documented in reference works such as Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch (German Pronunciation Dictionary) by Eva-Maria Krech et al., [1] Duden 6 ...

  8. ß - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ß

    By the late 1400s, the choice of spelling between sz and ss was usually based on the sound's position in the word rather than etymology: sz ( ſz ) tended to be used in word final position: uſz (Middle High German: ûz, German: aus), -nüſz (Middle High German: -nüss(e), German: -nis); ss ( ſſ ) tended to be used when the sound occurred ...

  9. German orthography reform of 1944 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography_reform...

    optional changes to the spelling of words of foreign origin to remove non-German combinations, e.g. Filosof for Philosoph meaning philosopher the removal of the third consonant in all groups of three consecutive consonants resulting from the combination of two words, e.g. Sauerstoff f lasche to Sauerstofflasche , although this was often ...