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Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and calcium channel blocker of the diphenylmethylpiperazine group. [5] It is prescribed for nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness [6] or other sources such as chemotherapy, [7] vertigo, [8] or Ménière's disease. [9] Cinnarizine is one of the leading causes of drug-induced parkinsonism. [5]
Substance-induced psychosis (commonly known as toxic psychosis or drug-induced psychosis) is a form of psychosis that is attributed to substance intoxication, withdrawal or recent consumption of psychoactive drugs. It is a psychosis that results from the effects of various substances, such as medicinal and nonmedicinal substances, legal and ...
Substance use, also known as drug use, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. The drugs used are often associated with levels of substance intoxication that alter judgment, perception, attention and physical control, not related with ...
"Treatment of vertigo due to acute unilateral vestibular loss with a fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical study". Clin Ther . 26 (6): 866– 77.
Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol). In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5 , [ 1 ] which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis.
Interestingly, in patients that are defined as "heavy drinkers" (defined as consuming >30g of alcohol/day) decreased alcohol consumption to moderate levels has been shown to be an effective treatment; in fact [12] A retrospective cohort study analyzed data collected from over 3.8 million patients, and categorized patients as either abstinent ...
[52] [53] In rats, less than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged. [53] The time to reach maximum concentration (T max) of hydroxyzine is about 2.0 hours in both adults and children and its elimination half-life is around 20.0 hours in adults (mean age 29.3 years) and 7.1 hours in children.
Flunarizine is a selective calcium antagonist with moderate other actions including antihistamine, serotonin receptor blocking and dopamine D 2 blocking activity. Compared to other calcium channel blockers such as dihydropyridine derivatives, verapamil and diltiazem, flunarizine has low affinity to voltage-dependent calcium channels.