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Closeup of an Intel 8259A IRQ chip from a PC XT. Pinout. The Intel 8259 is a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) designed for the Intel 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. The initial part was 8259, a later A suffix version was upward compatible and usable with the 8086 or 8088 processor.
In computing, a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) is an integrated circuit that helps a microprocessor (or CPU) handle interrupt requests (IRQs) coming from multiple different sources (like external I/O devices) which may occur simultaneously. [1]
IRQs 0 to 7 are managed by one Intel 8259 PIC, and IRQs 8 to 15 by a second Intel 8259 PIC. The first PIC, the master, is the only one that directly signals the CPU. The second PIC, the slave, instead signals to the master on its IRQ 2 line, and the master passes the signal on to the CPU.
In computing, Intel's Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) is a family of programmable interrupt controllers.As its name suggests, the APIC is more advanced than Intel's 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC), particularly enabling the construction of multiprocessor systems.
Intel i945GC northbridge with Pentium Dual-Core microprocessor. This article provides a list of motherboard chipsets made by Intel, divided into three main categories: those that use the PCI bus for interconnection (the 4xx series), those that connect using specialized "hub links" (the 8xx series), and those that connect using PCI Express (the 9xx series).
MSI is not supported in earlier versions like Windows XP or Windows Server 2003. [15] Solaris Express 6/05 released in 2005 added support for MSI an MSI-X as part of their new device driver interface (DDI) interrupt framework. [16] FreeBSD 6.3 and 7.0 released in 2008 added support for MSI and MSI-X. [17] OpenBSD 5.0 released in 2011 added ...
ICH - 82801AA. The first version of the ICH was released in June 1999 along with the Intel 810 northbridge.While its predecessor, the PIIX, was connected to the northbridge through an internal PCI bus with a bandwidth of 133 MB/s, the ICH used a proprietary interface (called by Intel Hub Interface) that linked it to the northbridge through an 8-bit wide, 266 MB/s bus.
Hardware interrupt vector numbers correspond to the hardware IRQ numbers. The exact mapping depends on how the Programmable Interrupt Controller such as Intel 8259 is programmed. [2] While Intel documents IRQs 0-7 to be mapped to vectors 0x20-0x27, IBM PC and compatibles map them to 0x08-0x0F. IRQs 8-15 are usually mapped to vectors 0x70-0x77.