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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different ...
That is, it refers to conduction along the axon away from the axon terminal(s) and towards the soma. For most neurons, their dendrites, soma, or axons are depolarized forming an action potential that moves from the starting point of the depolarization (near the cell body) along the axons of the neuron (orthodromic). [1]
As an action potential (nerve impulse) travels down an axon there is a change in electric polarity across the membrane of the axon. In response to a signal from another neuron, sodium- (Na +) and potassium- (K +)–gated ion channels open and close as the membrane reaches its threshold potential.
In a compartment model of an axon, the activating function of compartment n, , is derived from the driving term of the external potential, or the equivalent injected current f n = 1 / c ( V n − 1 e − V n e R n − 1 / 2 + R n / 2 + V n + 1 e − V n e R n + 1 / 2 + R n / 2 + . . .
It is composed of neurons, also known as nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses to and from it , and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or glia, which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neurons. [1] Nervous tissue is made up of different types of neurons, all of which have an axon.
Nervous system organization - the motor and sensory systems. Afferent neurons are pseudounipolar neurons that have a single process leaving the cell body dividing into two branches: the long one towards the sensory organ, and the short one toward the central nervous system (e.g. spinal cord).
In neuroanatomy, a neural pathway is the connection formed by axons that project from neurons to make synapses onto neurons in another location, to enable neurotransmission (the sending of a signal from one region of the nervous system to another). Neurons are connected by a single axon, or by a bundle of axons known as a nerve tract, or ...
Projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord.In human neuroanatomy, bundles of axons (nerve fibers) called nerve tracts, within the brain, can be categorized by their function into association tracts, projection tracts, and commissural tracts.