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Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software tool set that runs on Windows, macOS, BSD, Haiku, IRIX and Linux. It is used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D-printed models, motion graphics, interactive 3D applications, and virtual reality. It is also used in creating video games.
Version 2.5 alpha0 was the first version of Blender to have the Logic Editor workspace for coding, which came along with the UI redesign. A new system for integration of GLSL shaders and soft-body physics was added in the 2.48 release to help bring the game engine back in line with modern game engines.
Non-photorealistic illumination models don't attempt to model the perceived brightness of a surface in a realistic way, but focuses expressing certain styles. They are used for example in cartoons, video games, movies or technical illustrations, and include: Cel shading; Gooch shading
Phong shading is an improvement on Gouraud shading, and was one of the first computer shading models developed after the basic flat shader, greatly enhancing the appearance of curved surfaces in renders. Shaders are most commonly used to produce lit and shadowed areas in the rendering of 3D models.
Shading alters the colors of faces in a 3D model based on the angle of the surface to a light source or light sources. The first image below has the faces of the box rendered, but all in the same color. Edge lines have been rendered here as well which makes the image easier to see. The second image is the same model rendered without edge lines.
A shading language is a graphics programming language adapted to programming shader effects. Shading languages usually consist of special data types like "vector", " matrix ", "color" and " normal ".
Physically based rendering (PBR) is a computer graphics approach that seeks to render images in a way that models the lights and surfaces with optics in the real world. It is often referred to as "Physically Based Lighting" or "Physically Based Shading". Many PBR pipelines aim to achieve photorealism.
Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh using the Phong reflection model. Gouraud shading (/ ɡ uː ˈ r oʊ / goo-ROH), named after Henri Gouraud, is an interpolation method used in computer graphics to produce continuous shading of surfaces represented by polygon meshes.