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2. Laser spray ionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_spray_ionization

   This approach to laser spray ionization is a hybrid of three basic techniques for the generation of gaseous ions from the condensed phase, i.e., energy-sudden activation, nebulization and the action of an electric field. [1] Laser spray mass spectrometry can faithfully reflect the solution-phase characteristics of biomolecules.

3. Laser bonding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_bonding

   Laser bonding is a marking technique that uses lasers to bond an additive marking substance to a substrate.. First invented in the mid 1990s by Essilor International, this patented method [1] produces permanent marks on metal, glass, ceramic and plastic parts for a diverse range of industrial and artistic applications, ranging from aerospace and medical to the awards and engraving industries.

4. Laser engraving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_engraving

   Laser marking on stainless steel A laser engraving machine A laser engraver. A laser engraving machine consists of three main parts: a laser, a controller, and a surface. [2] The laser is a drawing tool: the beam emitted from it allows the controller to trace patterns onto the surface.

5. Charged aerosol detector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_Aerosol_Detector

   The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to measure the amount of chemicals in a sample by creating charged aerosol particles which are detected using an electrometer.

6. Excimer laser - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excimer_laser

   The Electra KrF laser demonstrates 90,000 shots over 10 hours. The term excimer is short for 'excited dimer', while 'exciplex' is short for 'excited complex'. Most excimer lasers are of the noble gas halide type, for which the term excimer is, strictly speaking, a misnomer. (Although less commonly used, the proper term for such is an exciplex ...

7. Ambient ionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_ionization

   The laser desorbs or ablates material from the sample that is ejected from the surface and into the spray, which can be an APCI spray with a corona discharge or an electrospray. Ambient ionization by electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ELDI) can be accomplished with ultraviolet [ 20 ] and infrared lasers [ 21 ] to the desorb ...