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Rickettsia conorii is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Rickettsia that causes human disease called boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, Israeli tick typhus, Astrakhan spotted fever, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, or other names that designate the locality of occurrence while having distinct clinical features.
A 2021 systematic review of 32 confirmed and 45 probable cases of human infection with R. parkeri determined that 94% of the confirmed cases had fever, 91% an eschar, 72% a rash, 56% headache, and 56% myalgia, with similar percentages among the probable cases. [8] The rash was most frequently described as papular or macular. [8]
Some well-known rickettsial diseases include: Rickettsialpox - caused by Rickettsia akari, this disease is transmitted by mite bites and is generally milder than other rickettsial infections. Rocky Mountain spotted fever - caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, this disease is transmitted by tick bites and is prevalent in the Americas.
Properly, Rickettsia is the name of a single genus, but the informal term "rickettsia", plural "rickettsias," usually not capitalised, commonly applies to any members of the order Rickettsiales. Being obligate intracellular bacteria , rickettsias depend on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of living eukaryotic host cells ...
No rapid laboratory tests are available to diagnose rickettsial diseases early in the course of illness, and serologic assays usually take 10–12 days to become positive. Research is indicating that swabs of eschars may be used for molecular detection of rickettsial infections. [6] [7]
Rickettsia typhi is a small, aerobic, obligate intracellular, rod shaped gram negative bacterium. [1] It belongs to the typhus group of the Rickettsia genus, along with R. prowazekii . [ 2 ] R. typhi has an uncertain history, as it may have long gone shadowed by epidemic typhus ( R. prowazekii ). [ 3 ]
Rickettsialpox is a mite-borne infectious illness caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia (Rickettsia akari). [1] Physician Robert Huebner and self-trained entomologist Charles Pomerantz played major roles in identifying the cause of the disease after an outbreak in 1946 in a New York City apartment complex, documented in "The Alerting of Mr. Pomerantz," an article by medical writer Berton ...
Rickettsia rickettsii can be transmitted to human hosts through the bite of an infected tick. As with other bacterium transmitted via ticks, the process generally requires a period of attachment of 4 to 6 hours. However, in some cases a Rickettsia rickettsii infection has been contracted by contact with tick tissues or fluids. [19]