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Long-term treatment with bisphosphonates produces anti-fracture and bone mineral density effects that persist for 3–5 years after an initial 3–5 years of treatment. [2] The bisphosphonate alendronate reduces the risk of hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures by 35-39%; zoledronate reduces the risk of hip fractures by 38% and of vertebral ...
Examples of bisphosphonates: : Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa), Risedronate (Actonel), Alendronate (Fosamax), Etidronate (Didronel), Ibandronate (Boniva), Pamidronate (Aredia), Tiludronate (Skelid). [32] Denosumab. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody [33] [34] which is administrated subcutaneously. It inhibits osteoclast differentiation and ...
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [ 4 ] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D , calcium supplementation , and lifestyle changes.
Treatment options have been explored; however, severe cases of ONJ still require surgical removal of the affected bone. [3] A thorough history and assessment of pre-existing systemic problems and possible sites of dental infection are required to help prevent the condition, especially if bisphosphonate therapy is considered.
The difference lies in the non-hydrolysable carbon-phosphorus bond of the bisphosphonates which prevents their metabolism and at the same time ensure an effective absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. [9] The primary inhibiting action of the first generation of bisphosphonates on osteoclasts is by inducing apoptosis. The mechanism of ...
Denosumab, sold under the brand name Prolia among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. [21] [22] The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. [23]
Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms, but there is no cure. Any bone or bones can be affected, but Paget's disease occurs most frequently in the spine, skull, pelvis, femur, and lower legs. Osteogenic sarcoma , a form of bone cancer , is a rare complication of Paget's disease occurring in less than one percent of those affected.
Alendronate reduces the risk of hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures by 35-39%. [ 183 ] [ 184 ] In December 2013, Merck agreed to pay a total of $27.7 million to 1,200 plaintiffs in a class action lawsuit alleging that the company's osteoporosis drug had caused them to develop osteonecrosis of the jaw.