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Ice dam forming on slate roof. An ice dam is an ice build-up on the eaves of sloped roofs of heated buildings that results from melting snow under a snow pack reaching the eave and freezing there. Freezing at the eave impedes the drainage of meltwater, which adds to the ice dam and causes backup of the meltwater, which may cause water leakage ...
Variations of cycle times, curves determined from ocean sediments. 420,000 years of ice core data from Vostok, Antarctica research station, with more recent times on the left. From 1–3 million years ago, climate cycles matched the 41,000-year cycle in obliquity.
The dominant cause of soil displacement in frost heaving is the development of ice lenses. During frost heave, one or more soil-free ice lenses grow, and their growth displaces the soil above them. These lenses grow by the continual addition of water from a groundwater source that is lower in the soil and below the freezing line in the soil.
Internal deformation occurs when the weight of the ice causes the deformation of ice crystals. This takes place most readily near the glacier bed, where pressures are highest. There are glaciers that primarily move via sliding, glacial quakes, and others that move almost entirely through deformation.
Ice jacking is a continuous process that occurs during the winter in areas near lakes. The process starts when the ice begins to crack. When water then fills in those gaps, the process repeats and continues until there is a wall of ice surrounding the lake's shoreline, sometimes reaching up to three feet.
A mysterious massive chunk of ice seems to have fallen from the sky, leaving a nice sized hole in one man?s ceiling.
δ 18 O, a proxy for temperature, for the last 600,000 years (an average from several deep sea sediment carbonate samples) [a]. The 100,000-year problem (also 100 ky problem or 100 ka problem) of the Milankovitch theory of orbital forcing refers to a discrepancy between the reconstructed geologic temperature record and the reconstructed amount of incoming solar radiation, or insolation over ...
In general, ice melting may accelerate due to various factors. Water from underneath the ice can erode the ice and cause it to be thinner without a sign on the surface. Runoff from upstream melting, roads (especially salted), and snow can weaken the ice, and "tree stumps, rocks and docks absorb heat from the sun, causing ice around them to melt."