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The solid state of fluorine relies on Van der Waals forces to hold molecules together, [citation needed] which, because of the small size of the fluorine molecules, are relatively weak. Consequently, the solid state of fluorine is more similar to that of oxygen [6] [7] or the noble gases than to those of the heavier halogens. [citation needed]
Fluorine's chemistry is dominated by its strong tendency to gain an electron. It is the most electronegative element and elemental fluorine is a strong oxidant. The removal of an electron from a fluorine atom requires so much energy that no known reagents are known to oxidize fluorine to any positive oxidation state. [20]
In chemistry, a fluoroanion or fluorometallate anion is a polyatomic anion that contains one or more fluorine atoms. The ions and salts form from them are also known as complex fluorides. They can occur in salts, or in solution, but seldom as pure acids. Fluoroanions often contain elements in higher oxidation states. They mostly can be ...
Examples of anomalous diffusion in nature have been observed in ultra-cold atoms, [3] harmonic spring-mass systems, [4] scalar mixing in the interstellar medium, [5] telomeres in the nucleus of cells, [6] ion channels in the plasma membrane, [7] colloidal particle in the cytoplasm, [8] [9] [10] moisture transport in cement-based materials, [11 ...
4 serves as a fluorine source to deliver an equivalent of fluoride. [2] The Balz–Schiemann reaction for the synthesis of aryl fluorides is the best known example of such a reaction. [ 3 ] Ether and halopyridine adducts of HBF 4 have been reported to be effective reagents for the hydrofluorination of alkynes.
The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. (for predictions) Cotton, Simon (2006). Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties".
Radical fluorination is a type of fluorination reaction, complementary to nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches. [1] It involves the reaction of an independently generated carbon-centered radical with an atomic fluorine source and yields an organofluorine compound.
The tetrafluoroammonium ion forms salts with a large variety of fluorine-bearing anions. These include the bifluoride anion (HF − 2), tetrafluorobromate (BrF − 4), metal pentafluorides (MF − 5 where M is Ge, Sn, or Ti), hexafluorides (MF − 6 where M is P, As, Sb, Bi, or Pt), heptafluorides (MF − 7 where M is W, U, or Xe ...