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The Purkinje fibers are further specialized to rapidly conduct impulses (having numerous fast voltage-gated sodium channels and mitochondria, and fewer myofibrils, than the surrounding muscle tissue). Purkinje fibers take up stain differently from the surrounding muscle cells because of having relatively fewer myofibrils than other cardiac cells.
They develop in the cerebellar primordium that covers the fourth ventricle and below a fissure-like region called the isthmus of the developing brain. Purkinje cells migrate toward the outer surface of the cerebellar cortex and form the Purkinje cell layer. Purkinje cells are born during the earliest stages of cerebellar neurogenesis.
Each climbing fiber will form synapses with 1-10 Purkinje cells. Early in development, Purkinje cells are innervated by multiple climbing fibers, but as the cerebellum matures, these inputs gradually become eliminated resulting in a single climbing fiber input per Purkinje cell.
Certain genes influence the volume of key brain regions, which, in turn, could play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease and ADHD, a new study suggests. Parkinson’s, ADHD tied to ...
This delay allows the ventricles to fully fill with blood before contraction. The signal then passes down through a bundle of fibres called the bundle of His, located between the ventricles, and then to the Purkinje fibers at the bottom (apex) of the heart, causing ventricular contraction. [citation needed]
ADHD medication tied to 19% lower death risk. An observational study conducted in Sweden, whose results appeared in JAMA in March 2024, further emphasized the positive impact of ADHD medication on ...
The only excitatory neurons present in the cerebellar cortex are granule cells. [10] Plasticity of the synapse between a parallel fiber and a Purkinje cell is believed to be important for motor learning. [11] The function of cerebellar circuits is entirely dependent on processes carried out by the granular layer.
In the brain, α 2-adrenergic receptors can be localized either pre- or post-synaptically, and the majority of receptors appear to be post-synaptic. [6] For example, the α 2A adrenergic receptor subtype is post-synaptic in the prefrontal cortex and these receptors strengthen cognitive and executive functions by inhibiting cAMP opening of ...