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Oak wine barrels. Oak is used in winemaking to vary the color, flavor, tannin profile and texture of wine. It can be introduced in the form of a barrel during the fermentation or aging periods, or as free-floating chips or staves added to wine fermented in a vessel like stainless steel.
A large German oak barrel with the capacity of 317 gallons (1,200 liters) Stuck fermentation A fermentation that has been halted due to yeast prematurely becoming dormant or dying. There are a variety of causes for a stuck fermentation including high fermentation temperatures, yeast nutrient deficiency, or an excessively high sugar content ...
The 1980s saw a rise in use of oak barrel fermentation and lees stirring while the 1990s introduced the widespread use of extended skin-contact prior to fermentation. By the 20th century, the use of these techniques created a wide range of styles and quality of Muscadet wine. [6]
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.
Malolactic fermentation generally enhances the body and flavor persistence of wine, producing wines of greater palate softness. Many winemakers also feel that better integration of fruit and oak character can be achieved if malolactic fermentation occurs during the time the wine is in barrel. [6]
Secondary fermentation is a process commonly associated with winemaking, [1] which entails a second period of fermentation in a different vessel than the one used to start the fermentation process. An example of this would be starting fermentation in a carboy or stainless steel tank and then moving it over to oak barrels. Rather than being a ...
Traditional oak barrels made by Chilean cooperage Tonelería Nacional Mackmyra barrels at Häckeberga Castle Modern stainless steel casks and kegs outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England Wooden wine barrel at an exhibition in Croatia. A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is ...
The wines go through primary fermentation for about three weeks in temperature-controlled stainless-steel vats. About 1/3 of the production undergoes malolactic fermentation in new oak barrels. Once fermentation is complete the wines are transferred into oak barrels (50% new oak) for 18–24 months of aging.
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