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The study of the Pythagorean means is closely related to the study of majorization and Schur-convex functions. The harmonic and geometric means are concave symmetric functions of their arguments, and hence Schur-concave, while the arithmetic mean is a linear function of its arguments and hence is both concave and convex.
The inequalities then follow easily by the Pythagorean theorem. Comparison of harmonic, geometric, arithmetic, quadratic and other mean values of two positive real numbers x 1 {\displaystyle x_{1}} and x 2 {\displaystyle x_{2}}
Average of chords. In ordinary language, an average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data. The type of average taken as most typically representative of a list of numbers is the arithmetic mean – the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list.
A Pythagorean triple has three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a 2 + b 2 = c 2. In other words, a Pythagorean triple represents the lengths of the sides of a right triangle where all three sides have integer lengths. [1] Such a triple is commonly written (a, b, c). Some well-known examples are (3, 4, 5) and (5, 12, 13).
Pythagorean philosophers investigated the relationship of numbers extensively. They defined perfect numbers as those that were equal to the sum of all their divisors. For example: 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14. [32] The theory of odd and even numbers was central to Pythagorean arithmetic. This distinction was for the Pythagorean philosophers direct ...
It is the most appropriate average for ratios and rates such as speeds, [1] [2] and is normally only used for positive arguments. [3] The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the numbers, that is, the generalized f-mean with () =. For example, the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is
The gambler's fallacy is a particular misapplication of the law of averages in which the gambler believes that a particular outcome is more likely because it has not happened recently, or (conversely) that because a particular outcome has recently occurred, it will be less likely in the immediate future.
Plimpton 322 is a Babylonian clay tablet, believed to have been written around 1800 BC, that contains a mathematical table written in cuneiform script.Each row of the table relates to a Pythagorean triple, that is, a triple of integers (,,) that satisfies the Pythagorean theorem, + =, the rule that equates the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle to the square of the hypotenuse.