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O x A y: Molecules with an O at one end H 2 O Water: 1.85 N x A y: Molecules with an N at one end NH 3: Ammonia: 1.42 Nonpolar A 2: Diatomic molecules of the same element O 2: Dioxygen: 0.0 C x A y: Most hydrocarbon compounds C 3 H 8: Propane: 0.083 C x A y: Hydrocarbon with center of inversion: C 4 H 10: Butane: 0.0
Conversely, the polar line (or polar) of a point Q in a circle C is the line L such that its closest point P to the center of the circle is the inversion of Q in C. If a point A lies on the polar line q of another point Q, then Q lies on the polar line a of A. More generally, the polars of all the points on the line q must pass through its pole Q.
A covalent bond forming H 2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electrons. A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, [1] [2] [3] are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion.
A polar metal, metallic ferroelectric, [1] or ferroelectric metal [2] is a metal that contains an electric dipole moment. Its components have an ordered electric dipole. Such metals should be unexpected, because the charge should conduct by way of the free electrons in the metal and neutralize the polarized charge. However they do exist. [3]
The general notation for hydrogen bonding is Dn−H···Ac, where the solid line represents a polar covalent bond, and the dotted or dashed line indicates the hydrogen bond. [6] The most frequent donor and acceptor atoms are nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F), due to their high electronegativity and ability to engage in stronger ...
A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material. The polaron concept was proposed by Lev Landau in 1933 [1] and Solomon Pekar in 1946 [2] to describe an electron moving in a dielectric crystal where the atoms displace from their equilibrium positions to effectively screen the charge of an electron ...
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds ().If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.