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A curve (top) is filled according to two rules: the even-odd rule (left), and the non-zero winding rule (right). In each case an arrow shows a ray from a point P heading out of the curve. In the even-odd case, the ray is intersected by two lines, an even number; therefore P is concluded to be 'outside' the curve.
Field lines depicting the electric field created by a positive charge (left), negative charge (center), and uncharged object (right). A field line is a graphical visual aid for visualizing vector fields. It consists of an imaginary integral curve which is tangent to the field vector at each point along its length.
A sketch colored digitally with use of several different blend modes in order to preserve the pencil lines and paper texture below the color layers. Blend modes (alternatively blending modes [ 1 ] or mixing modes [ 2 ] ) in digital image editing and computer graphics are used to determine how two layers are blended with each other.
The term incompressible is used because a non-zero divergence corresponds to the presence of sources and sinks in analogy with a fluid. The concepts of conservative and incompressible vector fields generalize to n dimensions, because gradient and divergence generalize to n dimensions; curl is defined only in three dimensions, thus the concept ...
Field lines of a vector field v, around the boundary of an open curved surface with infinitesimal line element dl along boundary, and through its interior with dS the infinitesimal surface element and n the unit normal to the surface. Top: Circulation is the line integral of v around a closed loop C. Project v along dl, then sum.
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on ar.wikipedia.org شحنة كهربائية; Usage on en.wikibooks.org A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Electric Potential/Worked Solutions
The spacing between field lines is an indicator of the relative strength of the magnetic field. Where magnetic field lines converge the field grows stronger, and where they diverge, weaker. Now, it can be shown that in the motion of gyrating particles, the "magnetic moment" μ = W ⊥ /B (or relativistically, p ⊥ 2 /2mγB) stays very nearly ...
In finite field theory, a branch of mathematics, a primitive polynomial is the minimal polynomial of a primitive element of the finite field GF(p m).This means that a polynomial F(X) of degree m with coefficients in GF(p) = Z/pZ is a primitive polynomial if it is monic and has a root α in GF(p m) such that {,,,,, …} is the entire field GF(p m).