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Sweat testing makes use of the fact that cystic fibrosis patients have defective sweat glands. [2] Sweat glands produce sweat through a well understood process of secretion and reabsorption of sodium chloride (salt). Secretion entails the movement of salt and water from sweat gland cells into the sweat duct.
An expected creatinine concentration indicates that the test sample is undiluted, whereas low amounts of creatinine in the urine indicate either a manipulated test or low initial baseline creatinine concentrations. Test samples considered manipulated due to low creatinine are not tested, and the test is sometimes considered failed.
The two factors work together to return the plasma osmolality to its normal levels. ADH binds to principal cells in the collecting duct that translocate aquaporins to the membrane, allowing water to leave the normally impermeable membrane and be reabsorbed into the body by the vasa recta, thus increasing the plasma volume of the body.
Animals with few sweat glands, such as dogs, accomplish similar temperature regulation results by panting, which evaporates water from the moist lining of the oral cavity and pharynx. Although sweating is found in a wide variety of mammals, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] relatively few (apart from humans, horses , some primates and some bovidae ) produce sweat in ...
Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands, from Latin sudor ' sweat ', [6] [7] are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland , which are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct .
One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate, assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia.
Azotemia (from azot ' nitrogen ' and -emia ' blood condition '), also spelled azotaemia, is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds) in the blood.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...