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Ethical eating or food ethics refers to the moral consequences [1] [2] of food choices, both those made by humans and animals. Common concerns are damage to the environment, [ 3 ] exploitive labor practices, food shortages for others, inhumane treatment of food animals, and the unintended effects of food policy. [ 4 ]
In tracking food animal production from the feed through to the dinner table, the inefficiencies of meat, milk, and egg production range from a 4:1 energy input to protein output ratio up to 54:1. [74] The result is that producing animal-based food is typically much less efficient than the harvesting of grains, vegetables, legumes, seeds, and ...
Proponents of animal rights argue that non-human animals possess certain moral rights as living entities and should therefore be afforded the same ethical considerations as human beings. This would negate the exploitation of animals in scientific research on cloning, cloning used in food production, or as other resources for human use or ...
The sociology of food is the study of food and how it relates to the history, progression, and future development of society. Studies includes the production and consumption of food as well as its medical, spiritual and ethical applications.
In 1954, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) decided to sponsor systematic research on the progress of humane techniques in the laboratory. [2] In October of that year, William Russell, described as a brilliant young zoologist who happened to be also a psychologist and a classical scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, were appointed to inaugurate a systematic study of ...
An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ethical. The main goal of IRB ...
Nanomedicine seeks to deliver a valuable set of research tools and clinically helpful devices in the near future. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The National Nanotechnology Initiative expects new commercial applications in the pharmaceutical industry that may include advanced drug delivery systems, new therapies, and in vivo imaging. [ 8 ]
Animal ethics is a branch of ethics which examines human-animal relationships, the moral consideration of animals and how nonhuman animals ought to be treated. The subject matter includes animal rights, animal welfare, animal law, speciesism, animal cognition, wildlife conservation, wild animal suffering, [1] the moral status of nonhuman animals, the concept of nonhuman personhood, human ...