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The COP usually exceeds 1, especially in heat pumps, because instead of just converting work to heat (which, if 100% efficient, would be a COP of 1), it pumps additional heat from a heat source to where the heat is required. Most air conditioners have a COP of 3.5 to 5. [3]
A 2024 report said that refrigerants with GWP are vulnerable to further international restrictions. [ 75 ] Until the 1990s, heat pumps, along with fridges and other related products used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as refrigerants, which caused major damage to the ozone layer when released into the atmosphere .
Natural gas compounds with more than two carbon atoms exist as liquids at ambient temperatures and pressures. [4] Propane, butane, and isobutane are liquid at normal temperatures only under pressure. Additionally, condensate may contain: [5] [6] [7] Heavier straight-chain alkanes having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms (denoted as C 7 to C 12 ...
Condensate may refer to: . The liquid phase produced by the condensation of steam or any other gas; The product of a chemical condensation reaction, other than water; Natural-gas condensate, in the natural gas industry
The units went on sale in 1932 at US$10,000 to $50,000 (the equivalent of $200,000 to $1,200,000 in 2024.) [20] A year later, the first air conditioning systems for cars were offered for sale. [34] Chrysler Motors introduced the first practical semi-portable air conditioning unit in 1935, [ 35 ] and Packard became the first automobile ...
Condensation forming in the low pressure zone above the wing of an aircraft due to adiabatic expansion. Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization.
Condensing boiler manufacturers claim that up to 98% thermal efficiency can be achieved, [3] compared to 70%–80% with conventional designs (based on the higher heating value of fuels). Typical models offer efficiencies around 90%, which brings most brands of condensing gas boiler in to the highest available categories for energy efficiency.
Flue gas condensation may cause the heat recovered to exceed the Lower Heating Value of the input fuel, and thus an efficiency greater than 100%. Since historically most combustion processes have not condensed the fuel, usual efficiency calculations assume the combustion products are not condensed.