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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta such that the diameter is greater than 3 cm or more than 50% larger than normal. [1] An AAA usually causes no symptoms, except during rupture. [1]
The AA protein is mainly deposited in the liver, spleen and kidney, and AA amyloidosis can lead to nephrotic syndrome and ESRD. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Natural history studies show, however, that it is the kidney involvement that drives the progression of the disease.
[1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals. Because most people are not diagnostically trained or knowledgeable, they typically describe their symptoms in layman's terms, rather than using specific medical terminology. This list is not exhaustive.
[medical citation needed] On echocardiography, the heart shows a restrictive filling pattern, with normal to mildly reduced systolic function. [10] AA amyloidosis usually spares the heart. [11] Cardiac amyloidosis can present with symptoms of heart failure including shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. [12]
AL amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of abnormal antibody free light chains. The abnormal light chains are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, and, although AL amyloidosis can occur without diagnosis of another disorder, it is often associated with other plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [6]
Acronyms Diseases and disorders CA Cancer: CACH Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination (see vanishing white matter disease) : CAD Coronary artery disease
Superior mesenteric artery compressing the duodenum, featuring the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a gastro-vascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the overlying superior mesenteric artery.
The severity of withdrawal can vary from mild symptoms such as insomnia, trembling, and anxiety to severe and life-threatening symptoms such as alcoholic hallucinosis, delirium tremens, and autonomic instability. [9] [10] Withdrawal usually begins 6 to 24 hours after the last drink. [11] Symptoms are worst at 24 to 72 hours, and improve by ...