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Patients presenting with a headache originating at the posterior skull base should be evaluated for ON. This condition typically presents as a paroxysmal, lancinating or stabbing pain lasting from seconds to minutes, and therefore a continuous, aching pain likely indicates a different diagnosis. Bilateral symptoms are present in one-third of cases.
Occipital horn syndrome (OHS), formerly considered a variant of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, [1] is an X-linked recessive mitochondrial and connective tissue disorder. It is caused by a deficiency in the transport of the essential mineral copper , associated with mutations in the ATP7A gene.
The differential diagnosis of ICOE-G is mainly from symptomatic occipital epilepsy and migraine where misdiagnosis is high. The differential diagnosis from migraine should be easy because elementary visual hallucinations of occipital seizures develop rapidly within seconds, are brief in duration (2–3 minutes) are usually colored and circular.
Seizures originate in the occipital lobe and account for 5 to 10 percent of all epileptic seizure types. Generally, this type of epilepsy can have an onset anywhere from 1–17 years old in children, but the patient prognosis is good. Since the event is located in the occipital lobe, symptoms may occur spontaneously and include visual stimuli.
Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS), which was first recorded in 1980, [1] is a rare disorder characterized by neck pain with or without tingling and numbness of the tongue on the same side as the neck pain. [2] Sharp lateral movement of the head triggers the pain, usually lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes. Headaches may occur with the onset ...
When the occipital bone and the atlas (C1) are fused together in a condition called atlanto-occipital assimilation, it causes improper functioning of the cervical spinal nerves due to the vascular compression. Surgical procedure can decompress the nerves and reduce symptoms. [21] [22] [23]
The diagnosis is usually made by a brain scan , in which areas of swelling can be identified. The treatment for PRES is supportive: removal of the cause or causes and treatment of any of the complications, such as anticonvulsants for seizures. PRES may be complicated by intracranial hemorrhage, but this is relatively rare. The majority of ...
It is defined as a fracture of one or more of the temporal, occipital, sphenoid, frontal or ethmoid bone. [1] Basilar skull fractures are divided into anterior fossa, middle fossa and posterior fossa fractures. [1] Facial fractures often also occur. [1] Diagnosis is typically by CT scan. [1]