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Vertisols of the world A more detailed map of the global distribution of Vertisols. A vertisol is a Soil Order in the USDA soil taxonomy [1] and a Reference Soil Group in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). [2] It is also defined in many other soil classification systems. In the Australian Soil Classification it is called ...
Expansive clay, also called expansive soil, is a clay soil prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) directly related to changes in water content. [1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols.
This property is measured using coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) values. If a soil has a COLE value greater than 0.06, then it can cause structural damage. [2] A COLE value of 0.06 means that 100 inches of soil will expand by 6 inches when wet. [2] Soils with this shrink-swell capacity fall under the soil order of Vertisols. [6]
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
Best management practices (BMPs) is a term used in the United States and Canada to describe a type of water pollution control. Historically the term has referred to auxiliary pollution controls in the fields of industrial wastewater control and municipal sewage control, while in stormwater management (both urban and rural) and wetland ...
Water pollution is the contamination of natural water bodies by chemical, physical, radioactive or pathogenic microbial substances. [2] Point sources of water pollution are described by the CWA as "any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance from which pollutants are or may be discharged."
Contaminants found in groundwater cover a broad range of physical, inorganic chemical, organic chemical, bacteriological, and radioactive parameters. Pollutants and contaminants can be removed from groundwater by applying various techniques, thereby bringing the water to a standard that is commensurate with various intended uses.
Controlling nonpoint source pollution requires improving the management of urban and suburban areas, agricultural operations, forestry operations and marinas. Types of nonpoint source water pollution include sediment, nutrients, toxic contaminants and chemicals and pathogens. Principal sources of nonpoint source water pollution include: urban ...