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Many prominent European and American figures of the 19th and 20th centuries belonged to the bohemian subculture, and any comprehensive "list of bohemians" would be tediously long. Bohemianism has been approved of by some bourgeois writers such as Honoré de Balzac , [ citation needed ] but most conservative cultural critics do not condone ...
Bohemian Romani or Bohemian Romany was a dialect of Romani formerly spoken by the Romani people of Bohemia, the western part of today's Czech Republic. It became extinct after World War II , due to the genocide of most of its speakers in extermination camps by Nazi Germany .
[89] [90] [91] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [92] However, it is the group's common name amongst Romani people in the United Kingdom .
In the English language (according to the Oxford English Dictionary), Rom is a noun (with the plural Roma or Roms) and an adjective, while Romani is also a noun (with the plural Romanies) and an adjective. Both Rom and Romani have been in use in English since the 19th century as an alternative for Gypsy. Romani is also spelled Romany, or ...
The absence of a written history has meant that the origin and early history of the Romani people was long an enigma. Indian origin was suggested on linguistic grounds as early as the late 18th century. [9] In the Roma language, "rom" means husband/man, while "romňi" means wife/woman, and thus "roma" means "husbands/people".
Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (abbreviated to GRT) is an umbrella term used in the United Kingdom to represent several diverse ethnic groups which have a shared history of nomadism. In the phrase GRT, the Gypsy grouping encompasses Romani people from groups that have resided in Britain since the 16th century, such as the English Gypsies (Romanichal ...
Romanichal residing in England, Scotland, and Wales are part of the Gypsy (Romani), Roma, and Traveller community. [2] Genetic, cultural and linguistic findings indicate that the Romani people can trace their origins to Northern India. [3] [4] [5]
Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings and first gained the title in 1085. From 1004 to 1806, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and its ruler was an elector. From 1526 to 1804, the Kingdom of Bohemia, together with the other lands of the Bohemian Crown, was ruled under a personal union as part of the Habsburg monarchy.