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The Mouvement Souveraineté-Association (MSA, English: Movement for Sovereignty-Association) was a separatist [1] movement formed on November 19, 1967 by René Lévesque to promote the concept of sovereignty-association between Quebec and the rest of Canada.
In June 1967, during a state visit for the Canadian Centennial, French president Charles de Gaulle made a speech from the balcony of Montreal City Hall in which he declared Vive le Québec libre! [2] The phrase was a slogan of Quebec sovereignty, and its delivery by de Gaulle deeply offended the Canadian federal government, which derided him.
The goal of Quebec's sovereignist movement is to make Quebec an independent state. In practice, the terms independentist, sovereignist, and separatist are used to describe people adhering to this movement, although the latter term is perceived as pejorative by those concerned as it de-emphasizes that the sovereignty project aims to achieve political independence without severing economic ...
[12] [13] It emboldened the Quebec sovereignty movement, and produced tensions between the leadership of the two countries. [13] The crowd's reaction to de Gaulle's phrase was emotional and it sparked controversy with many English Canadians afterwards, as they were outraged at the implied threat to Canada's territorial integrity. [12]
An Option for Quebec (French: Option Québec) is an essay by former Premier of Quebec René Lévesque published in 1968. [1] The essay presents the constitutional proposal of a group of progressive liberals who, after leaving the Liberal Party of Quebec, formed the Sovereignty-Association Movement.
In September 1967, the pair were extradited to Canada. In 1968, after various riots within Quebec and in Europe, a new group of FLQ was formed. Within a year, this group of Felquistes had exploded 52 bombs. Rather than La Cognée, they wrote La Victoire, or Victory. The various members of the group were arrested by 2 May 1969.
The politician had some interesting answers about Quebec’s position as a nation, its controversial bill that forbids Quebec civil servants from wearing religious symbols at work as well as other ...
Assemblée des six-comtés – Patriotes Rebellion – Francoeur Motion – Quiet Revolution – Vive le Québec libre speech – October Crisis – Le 15 novembre – 1980 Quebec referendum – Patriation of the Constitution – Night of the Long Knives – Demise of the Meech Lake Accord – Charlottetown Accord referendum – 1995 Quebec ...