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The four-iwan plan already had roots in ancient Iranian architecture and has been found in some Parthian and Sasanian palaces. [24] Soon after or around the same time as the Seljuk work in Isfahan, it appeared in other mosques such as the Jameh Mosque of Zavareh (built circa 1135–1136) and the Jameh Mosque of Ardestan (renovated by a Seljuk ...
English: Bottom view of the iwan of the main entrance to the Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Iran. The mosque, a UNESCO World Heritage site started its construction in 1611, during the Safavid dynasty per order of Abbas I of Persia. It's considered one of the masterpieces of Persian architecture in the Islamic era.
Multiple iwans and tiled domes of the 16th-century Persian-style Mir-i-Arab madrasa, Bukhara, Uzbekistan. An iwan (Persian: ایوان, eyvān, also romanized as ivan or ivān/īvān, Arabic: إيوان, ’īwān) [1] [2] [3] is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.
The mosque's interior has the usual four-iwan layout typical of this period: a central courtyard surrounded by iwans on four sides, with the southeastern iwan containing the mihrab niche that symbolizes the direction of prayer. Each iwan is framed by a large pointed horseshoe arch with alternating white and beige voussoirs.
The four-iwan plan was introduced for the first time in Indo-Islamic architecture. [4] There is an iwan and a dome in the middle of each riwaq. The arches on each riwaq are approximately 3.7 metres (12 ft) high, and 5.0 metres (16.5 ft) wide, [3] There are about 45 rooms distributed in all the four sides of the mosque. The main hall is covered ...
Four large iwans were then erected around the courtyard around the early 12th century, giving rise to the four-iwan plan in mosque architecture. [40] [45] [46] The four-iwan plan quickly became popular and was applied to other major mosques around this time, including those of Ardestan and Zavareh, as well as in secular architecture. [35]
The Ghurids built the entire mosque using brick. [4] The layout is a typical 4-iwan plan with an interior courtyard and a water basin. The qibla orientation towards the west was adhered to, although this deviates from the correct direction to Mecca by about 20°. The main iwan was covered by vaults.
An iwan in the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan. An iwan is a hall that is walled on three sides and open on one side. [71] [72] It is typically covered by a vault although this can vary. [72] This feature was present in Sasanian architecture, though its exact origins are older and still debated. [72] It was later incorporated into Islamic architecture.
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