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In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, [1] which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last ...
The Hellenistic period began with the wars of the Diadochi, armed contests among the former generals of Alexander the Great to carve up his empire in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The wars lasted until 275 BC, witnessing the fall of both the Argead and Antipatrid dynasties of Macedonia in favor of the Antigonid dynasty .
Extensive trade between mainland Greece and the Hellenistic portions of Anatolia was underway by the 8th to 7th centuries BCE, with fish, grain, timber, metal, and often slaves being exported from the land. It is believed that this kind of contact with the spread of Hellenistic culture, religion, and ideas in Anatolia was a peaceful process. [14]
The Wars of the Diadochi mark the beginning of the Hellenistic period from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River Valley. The most notable Diadochi include Ptolemy , Antigonus , Cassander , and Seleucus as the last remaining at the end of the Wars of the Successors , ruling in Egypt , Asia-Minor , Macedon and Persia respectively, all forging ...
Map of Western Anatolia showing the "Seven Churches of Asia" and the Greek island of Patmos. As one of the principal cities of Roman Asia, [11] Smyrna vied with Ephesus and Pergamum for the title "First City of Asia." A Christian church and a bishopric existed there from earliest times, probably originating in the considerable Jewish colony.
Farnese Atlas (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples). The Farnese Atlas is a 2nd-century CE Roman marble sculpture of Atlas holding up a celestial globe.Probably a copy of an earlier work of the Hellenistic period, it is the oldest extant statue of Atlas, a Titan of Greek mythology who is represented in earlier Greek vase painting, and the oldest known representation of the celestial sphere ...
The city of Dardanus also came under the control of Abydos at some point in the Hellenistic period. [34] Abydos became part of the Seleucid Empire after 281 BC. [ 4 ] The city was conquered by Ptolemy III Euergetes , King of Egypt, in 245 BC, [ 35 ] and remained under Ptolemaic control until at least 241, as Abydos had become part of the ...
The Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens, (174 BC–132 AD), with the Parthenon (447–432 BC) in the background. This list of ancient Greek temples covers temples built by the Hellenic people from the 6th century BC until the 2nd century AD on mainland Greece and in Hellenic towns in the Aegean Islands, Asia Minor, Sicily and Italy ("Magna Graecia"), wherever there were Greek colonies, and the ...